Experts in Concrete Patio installation

What to Do If Your Patio Surface Is Flaking or Spalling

If your patio surface is starting to chip, flake, or peel away in patches, you may be dealing with a common issue known as spalling. It affects many UK homeowners, particularly where winters are damp and cold.

In this guide, we explain what causes concrete spalling, how to repair it effectively, and most importantly, how to stop it from coming back in future seasons.

What Causes Flaking and Spalling on Patios?

Concrete spalling usually begins at the surface and gradually worsens if left untreated. In the UK, where moisture and freeze–thaw cycles are common, it’s a top reason for early patio deterioration. Here’s what causes it.

01

Poor Finishing or Overworking the Surface

If the surface of the concrete was overworked or water was added during finishing, it can create a weak, brittle top layer. This layer is more prone to flaking and spalling once exposed to moisture and freezing temperatures. It's especially common in rushed or budget installations.

02

Freeze–Thaw Weathering

In colder months, water soaks into the concrete. When it freezes, it expands inside the slab and forces small pieces of the surface to break away. Without sealing or drainage, patios in the UK are highly vulnerable to this recurring cycle.

03

De-Icing Salts and Harsh Chemicals

Products used to melt ice or clean patios can damage the surface. Chloride-based salts in particular weaken concrete and contribute to spalling. Using the wrong type of cleaner or de-icer may accelerate the breakdown of the surface over time.

04

Age and Weather Exposure

Even well-built patios can begin to show signs of spalling as they age. Prolonged exposure to UV rays, rain, frost, and foot traffic wears down the surface protection. If not resealed every few years, older slabs can begin to flake or crumble from the top down.

05

Lack of Maintenance or Sealing

Regular maintenance, like cleaning and resealing, is vital for preventing surface damage. Without it, water sits on the surface and penetrates weak points. Over time, this accelerates spalling, especially on textured or stamped concrete where surface detail is more fragile.

How to Repair a Flaking Patio Surface

Clean and Remove Loose Material

  • Start by sweeping and pressure washing the patio to remove dirt, debris, and loose flakes.
  • Use a wire brush to break away any weak or spalled concrete still clinging to the surface.
  • The cleaner the base, the better the new surface will adhere during repair.

Apply a Concrete Resurfacer

  • Use a polymer-modified concrete resurfacer designed to bond to damaged surfaces.
  • Mix according to the manufacturer’s instructions and spread with a squeegee or trowel.
  • Blend and smooth the finish for an even appearance, then allow it to cure fully.

Seal and Protect the Patio

  • Once repaired and fully cured, apply a breathable patio sealer to protect against water and frost.
  • Choose a UV-stable, non-slip sealer suitable for outdoor use in UK conditions.
  • Regular resealing (every 2–3 years) helps prevent future flaking or spalling.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, surface flaking can be treated with a concrete resurfacer. As long as the damage doesn’t extend deep into the slab, full replacement is not necessary. Proper preparation and sealing will restore both function and appearance.

Spalling affects the surface and results in flaking or scaling. Cracking usually runs deeper through the slab. Both are forms of damage, but spalling is often caused by freeze–thaw cycles or poor surface finish, while cracking may be structural.

Yes, but use a gentle setting. Pressure washing helps remove loose material before repair. Be careful not to erode more of the surface, especially if the concrete is already weakened or thin.

If caused by poor workmanship or incorrect curing, yes. However, flaking due to neglect, salt use, or age may not be covered. We assess each case individually and offer honest advice on next steps.

Apply a high-quality sealant every few years, avoid harsh chemicals, and ensure good drainage around the patio. Cleaning and seasonal checks go a long way toward preventing future surface issues.